
Photograph courtesy of Claire Roberge
Portions of the research on which this essay is based were undertaken within the 'Digital Cities' project, funded by the Fonds Québecois de Recherche sur la Société et Culture (Michael Longford: Principal Investigator.) My thanks to the whole Digital Cities team for this richly rewarding experience. Particular thanks are due to Bita Mahdaviani, who helped with initial research on these three blocks, and Claire Roberge, who continued this research and took the original photographs used in this article. Thank you as well to Wade Nelson, for help with my discussion of the Taz Mahal.
The 1967 International Exposition, known officially as 'Man and his World' and popularly as Expo '67, figures prominently in the collective memory of Canadians, Quebecois and residents of Montreal.
The year 1967 was Canada's official centenary, and has come to stand in at least one popular recollection as 'the last good year' in Canadian history. The 1967 World's Fair was dominated by both a technological futurism and optimistic humanism, and if both of these have withered in the four decades since Expo '67, this has only served to brighten the memory of this highly successful event.
For Montreal, 1967 marked the climax of a period of growth in which demographers and city planners predicted the city's population would reach 10 million by the end of the century. (In 2001, that population was just over 3 million.) A decade later, as the city confronted recession, sharpened political conflict over language and the status of Quebec, and little growth in its population, it invested in another mega-project, the 1976 Olympic Games. The corruption, cost over-runs and relentless destruction of working-class neighbourhoods that marked the construction of the Olympic facilities on the city's eastern edges are seen as having dramatically closed an era in which Montreal sought international stature through the investment in megaprojects and events of global scale.
The perceived degradation of the area around the St Catherine/St Laurent intersection was a familiar theme of early 1950s pulpy crime novels set in Montreal.
Here are two descriptions of this area:
The evening had begun to crawl. The night birds were emerging from their little nests. The movie-cum-striptease joints had their lights on, and the barkers were out front hollering that we were all just in time to see this week's extrah-speshul show. In the doorways, and peering from the pinball saloons, the earliest birds were gathered: the straight drunks; the alcoholics trying to bum the price of one; the fags hoping for something quick with the guys coming home from work; the super-annuated whores hoping for something at any speed with anyone who had fifty cents; the pencil-mustached pimps in fedoras, casting the crowd for guys who looked like they had five dollars, because flashy headgear costs money and a feller never knows when he might need another hat (Brett 1954: 102-3).
I'd seen some of those addicts. I'd been down on St. Catherine Street by Clarke in black holes that smelled like unflushed toilets, looking for men who'd disappeared months, maybe even years before. Sometimes I'd found them, too, but I'd never brought one back. They weren't men at all when they'd been there awhile taking the stuff. They were like the old wrecks that float in the Sargasso Sea; all stove in, covered with slime and parasitic growth, circling endlessly and uselessly in decreasing circles toward a vanishing point (Montrose 1951: 104).
In 2007, a Montreal professor of architecture spoke of a 'curse of the east', a jinx which appears to have condemned several blocks near the centre of Montreal, Canada, to scandal, decay and the ongoing crashing of utopian hopes. The essay presented here studies these three blocks: one containing the city's main bus terminal and a scandal-ridden construction project involving a major university; a second housing the Grande Bibliothèque du Québec, recently constructed as a proud symbol of Quebec nationalism; and the third, the Parc Emelie Gamelin, a place of uncertain purpose which remains a prominent site of social contestation within Montreal.
This three-block agglomeration has been the site of ongoing tensions between religion and secularism, the French and English languages, commercial and anti-capitalist uses of public space, novelty and decay, stasis and mobility, urban modernity and its failures. It has been the repository of dreams of a 'Francophone downtown'...
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